Supplement Safety
More than half of U.S. adults use dietary supplements regularly to support their health, with multivitamins, vitamin D, vitamin C, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids (fish oils) being the most popular. Protein, amino acids, and other botanicals like ginger and caffeine are also used by many. While there are many reasons to take supplements, it is important to use these products safely. Supplements may offer health benefits, but they can also pose health risks if not used appropriately.
Here are tips and facts to help you make informed choices:
• Regulation: Dietary supplements are regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as foods rather than drugs. This means manufacturers do
not need FDA approval before marketing or selling products, so the responsibility for the safety and accuracy of labeling lies solely with the manufacturer. The FDA can, however, intervene if safety concerns are reported.
• Common Risks: Like drugs, overuse or misuse of supplements can lead to adverse events. For example, taking high doses of certain vitamins can lead to toxic levels with varying effects on health, especially for children and older adults. Some herbal supplements, like St. John’s wort or ginkgo biloba, can also interfere with prescription medications like blood thinners and antidepressants. Poor quality products may also contain contaminants, heavy metals, or even pharmaceuticals, which can pose serious health dangers.
• Communication with Providers: Always inform your healthcare provider of any supplements you are taking, even if they seem harmless or natural. This helps your provider assess potential interactions with medications, avoid duplication with prescriptions, and monitor your overall health more effectively. Because there are so many supplement brands, it is also a good idea to bring the bottles or labels to your appointments.
Finding Credible Information: The National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements provides detailed fact sheets, safety alerts, and guidance based on current research. It is best to do your own research and avoid relying solely on marketing claims or anecdotal advice.
Using supplements safely requires mindfulness and caution. While supplements may be one way to fill nutritional gaps, it is up to you as the consumer to understand what you are taking, how much is appropriate, and how to keep your healthcare team informed. Taking these steps can help you gain the health benefits and minimize potential risks.
Source: National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. Dietary Supplement Fact Sheets. Accessed 9/22/25. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/list-all/